Essay on The Art of the Renaissance - 2071 Words

Though the Renaissance era included all of Europe, Italy was the cradle of the movement. The cities of Florence, Rome and Venice were of great importance to this period. Major artists created art mainly in these three. As the center of Italy, Rome held the residence of the Pope and many other important factors. Throughout history, the Roman Catholic Church was very insistent on promoting their ideas. During this time, they used artists and their creativity to promote the Bible and other aspects of their beliefs. Artists were paid, or commissioned by patrons (often the Pope) to create art they wanted. One of the most ambitious patrons was Pope Julius II, who realized the impact visual images had on people’s ideas (Kleiner, 599).†¦show more content†¦His inquisitiveness of the world around him proved his interest in the advancement of the arts. Leonardo’s Mona Lisa is probably one of the most famous paintings for a couple different reasons. For one, Da Vinci painted it. He was a master of many subjects, and this was his. He started using landscape in the background, he had never wanted to sell it, and nobody knows who (or where) the woman is or fits in to history. Aside from the fact that she is beautiful, it is one of the small â€Å"art mysteries† that mystify observers and make the art famous, which makes it one of my favorite pieces by Da Vinci. Chapter 22 displays different renditions of the last supper including Leonardo Da Vinci’s (22-4) and Tintoretto’s (22-48). A third one by Paolo Veronese originally bore the title The Last Supper, but was later retitled Christ in the House of Levi (22-49). All three paintings are unique in their own ways. Da Vinci’s and Paolo’s are both painted from the same aspect, whilst Tintoretto’s is from a completely different angle. Da Vinci’s light comes from the bottom of his painting and distributes itself throughout, Tintorettto focused his light on his subject’sShow MoreRelatedRenaissance Art : The Renaissance And The Renaissance852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance, better known as the â€Å"rebirth â€Å"period helped bring life back to culture and the arts. It was a movement that began in Florence, Italy, but eventually spread throughout Europe. It stemmed from a very dark period in history. Prior to the Renaissance, Europe exp erienced the Medieval Times, or Dark Ages, a time of war famine, and disease. There were many causes of the Renaissance such as â€Å"The Black Death† and the new idea that social class does not dictate your wealth. The RenaissanceRead MoreRenaissance Italian Art : Art And Art Of The Renaissance1572 Words   |  7 PagesRenaissance Italian Artists The Renaissance occurred in Europe between 1400 and 1600. This event began in Italy during the Medieval period and then expanded to the rest of Europe, marking the start of the Modern age. The Renaissance began in Florence Italy in the 14th century. It was a cultural movement that had an enormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance’s influenced politics, science, literature, art, philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. AroundRead MoreRenaissance Art And Art953 Words   |  4 PagesArt is an endless category, the more you look at it, the far it seems to get and yet you cannot keep your eyes off it. I believe that art expands during the Renaissance in Europe in 1350 to 1600. Creating changes and effects in literature, philosophy, politics, economic, social, religion, and art. The development that I choose that I felt that help contribute the manufacture of visual culture was Religion. Religion had a big impact in this era, if it wa sn’t for religion we would of never experienceRead MoreRenaissance Art : The Renaissance Period867 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Art The Renaissance time period was home to many new ideas in art. This includes new artists bringing forth ideas that had yet to be discovered and made popular. New themes and types of art were also being brought forward during this period. Numerous artists had to of been present to make Renaissance art the way it is. Some of the world’s most famous artists were working during this time period, including Leonardo da Vinci, and other artists like Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo GhibertiRead MoreExamples Of Art And Renaissance Art1115 Words   |  5 PagesArt can be classified into different eras by their similar and distinguishing subjects and methods. They show the progression and timeline for different standards of art and the point of views and values for the people of the time. For example, the Renaissance art period, was an art period in which religious authority figures sought to beautify their cities and palaces with artworks detailing religious themes. Renaissance art was also commissioned by wealthy bankers, and churches. What is usuallyRead MoreArt And Abstract Art : Renaissance Art1113 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion #1. 20 points Renaissance Art was innovative. Renaissance artist illustrated natures beauty with biblical accounts. In addition, artist began to use oil painting which set Renaissance style apart. Additionally, renaissance art influenced society perception of the world with visual imagery by constructing detailed events, places, or objects. However, Cubism’s, transformed creation of images by utilizing geometric perception of natural description. Nevertheless, Renaissance art influenced societyRead MoreHumanism and the Renaissance Arts1289 Words   |  5 PagesWhen discussing the Renaissance; the most intimate area of focus are, art and architecture. Although no one really talks about Renaissance being an obvious era of some of the greatest and most innovative masters of painting, sculptures and builders. Or even that It is also the most influential eras that marked the emergence of a great deal of Scholars, thinkers, writers and philosophers. Regardless the Renaissance (a French word for â€Å"rebirth†) was a much needed time for awakening, from the intellectualRead MoreThe Renaissance in Art Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Art When the new upper class movement, Renaissance, occurred in Italy around the 14th century, a revival of the classical forms originally developed by the ancient Greeks and Romans, an intensified concern with secular life, and interest in humanism and assertion of the importance of the individual began. Thus, artists such as Mosaccio and Giotto depicted art that unlike the Middle Ages, showed emotions, feelings, and bright colors, thus demonstrating the deep concern for naturalismRead MoreRenaissance Influence On Art772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance, a time defined as the rebirth, occurred in Italy between 1350 and 1600. Spreading quickly throughout Europe, with the innovation of the printing press, it caused rippling effects. The Renaissance ultimately altered the aged education of the Dark Ages and renewed it with studies of the more classic works instead of theology. Classic art and literature grew extremely popular, contrasting the lack of interest in them before. Many arti sts became prominent advocates for the revival ofRead MoreThe Beginning Of Renaissance Art1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe beginning of Renaissance art can be tracked all the way back to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th and 15th centuries. During this Renaissance period, Italian scholars and artists saw themselves as bringing back the ideals and achievements of Roman culture. Their art tried to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The Italian Renaissance was considered a rebirth of old values in art such as literature and philosophy. It was a period for the

The Dark Side Of An Organization - 1730 Words

Why is understanding „the dark side‟ important to both managers and employees? Providing examples of harmful behaviours, analyse the reasons for employees behaving in ways harmful to themselves, others and their organisations. Develop recommendations and/or solutions for the modern-day managers in how to handle and/or avoid „the dark side‟ of organisations. Understanding the dark side is crucial for both managers and employees because it makes the difference between success and demise of an organisation. The managerial and non-managerial employee relationship is interdependent, they cannot work without one another. This interdependent relationship is the foundation of any organisation, without it an organisation will fail to reach its goals and objectives. The importance of this relationship is reinforced by Edgar Schein’s cultural iceberg; the most important aspects of an organisation are the internal aspects, â€Å"middle layer.. beliefs or values of the organisation† and â€Å"deepest level.. strongly held values† (King and Lawley, 2013). These manifest from the human assets of an organisation, these basic outputs (performance, culture, leadership, communication), thus any bad behaviour must be dealt with to restrain from instigating and instilling patterns towards the organisation and employees. Foundational to this, the ‘Dark Side’ refers to all the bad behaviour practiced in an organisation. It is [A]ctivities occurring within the workplace that (a) according to officialShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Dark Side Leadership 1500 Words   |  6 PagesAscension of â€Å"Dark Side† Leadership â€Å"Dark side† leadership can cause significant harm to the organization and its members, yet individuals with these tendencies still reach positions of power due to the fact that dark side characteristics are hard to detect and easy to overlook. Dark side characteristics are described as undesirable characteristics that affect the relationship between leaders and followers and his or her success at creating a cohesive team (Hogan, Curphy Hogan, 1994). They canRead MoreLeadership and Power1689 Words   |  7 Pageseveryday business organizations to give a general understanding of what it means to be powerful. Power is the ability of one person to influence another (Robbins Judge 2009). They can use this power to become leaders and to manage businesses. Power also brings influence on the behavior and attitudes of other people. The demand for power is common among the business world. There is a difference in power and authority. Formal power is based on an individualâ€℠¢s position in an organization. Formal powerRead MoreThe Potential Of The Five Factor Personality Model1126 Words   |  5 PagesFactor personality model to predict employee performance has been overestimated.’ Discuss. Personality can be defined as the qualities that make a person’s ‘unique’ character. The Five Factor personality model is described as a ‘hierarchical organization of personality traits in terms of 5 dimensions’ (McCrae and John, 2005) that can be used to describe personality. These ‘Big Five’ factors are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism (Costa and McCrae, 1992). EachRead MoreMax Webers Iron Cage For Bureaucracy1521 Words   |  7 PagesMax Weber’s â€Å"iron cage for bureaucracy† occurs when an organization operates in comprehensive patterns of societal dominance, such as the class structures throughout the earlier USSR and China (Morgan, 2006). This iron cage is how establishments with its multiple levels of bureaucracy can operate with his or her power to benefit only a certain group of elites (Morgan, 2006). A charismatic leader has the talent through formal authority to drive t heir members into performing. According to MorganRead MoreHostility Against the World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank804 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Hostility against the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank Far from being seen as objective entities, the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank are often conceptualized as instruments of the developed world. It is alleged that they are used to enforce crippling economic policies upon the developing world. To some extent, it is perhaps inevitable that these international institutions are seen as such. The memoryRead MoreReport: the Dark Side of Customer Analytics738 Words   |  3 PagesREPORT: THE DARK SIDE OF CUSTOMER ANALYTICS JAIRO PALACIOS DANIEL TIRADO This case is about an insurance company that has a dark side in their organizational culture and manage their customer’s data in an irresponsible way in order to succeed. PROFESSOR JORGE ANDRÉS ALVARADO UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SABANA MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEMS BOGOTA D.C AMLI 2011 1. How can these companies handle the customer data responsibly? Source: http://www.webdesignbognorregis. The use of dataRead MoreA Lone Rider Of The Gold Wing Valkyrie Speeding Through A Dark Tunnel853 Words   |  4 PagesThe advertisement consists of a lone rider in his Gold Wing Valkyrie speeding through a dark tunnel, leaving all the other drivers behind. The ad itself is a photograph, with at least four main descriptive elements: the lone driver in the Valkyrie, two more drivers in the back, the tunnel and the road. The most noticeable element is the lone driver in the Valkyrie, he can be seen on the left side of the ad using almost all of the page, well illuminated and in focus; wearing typical motorcycle gearRead MoreThe Black Panther Party By Jessica C. Harris1053 Words   |  5 PagesParty as a particular illustration for progressive patriotism and breaks down altogether the positive commitments they made and in addition the negative parts of the gathering. Jessica C. Harris, who was fixated on the historical backdrop of the organization, did research and composed the paper. This exhert (pages from 409-421) is from The Journal of Negro History, Volume 86, No. 3. (Summer, 2001). The entire paper epitomizes the writer s wide extension, impeccable written work abilities and clearRead MoreWhat I Hope for My Future as a Manager for Behavioral Health Programs654 Words   |  3 Pagesover ten years of that time spent in contracting and provider network development. I started my career in child welfare, but found the system to be too broken (and thus heart-breaking) for me personally to continue on that path. Moving to â€Å"the dark side† actually allowed me to use my undergraduate education, skills and talents to help improve the public sector service delivery system in Tennessee. There is still much more that is needed to ensure access to affordable, quality services, so my professionalRead MoreNegative Effects of Globalization677 Words   |  3 Pagesthey forget all about principles and about human beings and their rights, according to Kent, J. , Kinetz, E. Whehrfritz, G. (2008/March24). Newsweek. Bottom of the barrel. â€Å"The dark side of globalization: a vast work force trapped in conditions that verge on slavery†, David, P. Falling of The Edge, Travels through the Dark Heart of Globalization..Nov 2008. (p62) also agrees with them when he explained his concerns about Chinese and Indians that are being forced to work non stop to produce goods for

The Importance Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of...

On the surface, Conrad’s work seems to simply stress, â€Å"Humanity is important; fidelity is the highest virtue† (Moser, 1966, pg 11) but is both more subtle and complex. Even in the title of the book, Heart of Darkness, has significance. Africa’s Victorian era nickname was the ‘dark continent’, which â€Å"referred to the fact that little was known in the West about the interior of the continent† (yourdictionary.com, 2017). Therefore, Congo is the interior or ‘heart’ of Africa. This title also alludes to the darkness or the primitiveness in mans mind and heart. This essence of savagery, brutality and cruelty is represented in Kurtz, the devil himself. Kurtz is the heart of darkness. Imperialism is central to the novel because it allows men to†¦show more content†¦Kurtz embodies the lust for wealth and possession, and a desire to dominate other all for colonialism in the name of educating and civilizing the popular. Justified under the cover of bringing a bright light into the savages lives but the irony is that he is overshadowed by the darkness of his own heart. Kurts had succumbed to the darkness and Marlow emphasizes the insanity that overwhelms him. â€Å"Everything belonged to him – but that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. That was the reflection that made you creepy all over. †¦ – it was not good for one either – trying to imagine. He had taken a high seat amongst the devils of the land† (Conrad, 2009, pg 174-175) Krutz best represents the biggest irony. Krutz wanted to tame the cannibals and viewed that whites where superior to the natives. Highly progressive, he had preached morality concept but at the end of his report he had scrawled, â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes† (Conrad,Show MoreRelatedHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Heart of Darkness† on the Flaws of Imperial Authority Throughout Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† despite the many conditions of the described Africa most if not all the characters agree that these conditions indeed differ from the conditions found in Europe. In working through conversations with Chinua Achebe’s Colonialist Criticism and An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness it can be brought to light that not only is Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† a novel that criticizesRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome corrupt themselves. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad relates to both the idea that an individual can become corrupt in a corrupt environment, and that some individuals can uphold their integrity in a corrupt situation. Both of these reactions can be seen in the main characters of Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and Marlow, in Kurtz’ becoming corrupt due to imperialism in the Congo, while still upholdin g some integrity, and in Marlow’s continuing integrity in spite of imperialism, while still losing someRead MoreThe Significant Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1986 Words   |  8 PagesIn the 1900s novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the protagonist often encounters women at landmarks of his life. Charlie Marlow is a sailor and imperialist who sets out along the Congo River to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savages.† The novella begins with a crew on the Thames waiting for the tides to change. During their wait, a character named Marlow tells of his exploits on the African continent. In his recounted travels, Marlow meets other imperialists such as Mr. Kurtz, a man who is obsessed withRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1198 Words   |  5 Pages Joseph Conrad, in his novel Heart of Darkness, comments on the nature of imperialism, the individual psyche, and the evil inherent in the human condition. Chinua Achebe, a contemporary liter ary critic, argues that as the protagonist, Marlow, travels through the Congo, Conrad maintains a Western imperialist attitude towards the African natives. According to the novel, the natives are a sort of animalistic backdrop, a part of a landscape to merely house Kurtz and Marlow’s metaphysical battle. TheRead More The Evil of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1559 Words   |  7 PagesColonialism in Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚   A masterpiece of twentieth-century writing, Heart of Darkness exposes the tenuous fabric that holds civilization together and the brutal horror at the center of European colonialism. Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, describes a life-altering journey that the protagonist, Marlow, experiences in the African Congo.   The story explores the historical period of colonialism in Africa to exemplify Marlows struggles. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is mostRead More The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesa full understanding of the far-reaching effects of European imperialism (Groden and Kreiswirth 582). Reading colonial literature in dialogue with postcolonial literature engenders a more complete interpretation of the effects of imperialism by creating a point of reference from which to begin the revelation and the healing of cultural wounds resultant from European colonialism. Postcolonial literature reveals the lie of imp erialism by suggesting that colonization was unsolicited by and unjustlyRead More The Changing Personality of Kurtz in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness887 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness   - The Changing   Personality of Kurtz      Ã‚   Kurtzs character is fully facet (in Conrads Heart of Darkness), not because of his conventional roll of antagonist, but for his roll in a historical fiction as a character with important roll in society, influenced by those close to him. Kurtz makes some key developments in the way he interacts with others, in large part due to the words and actions of society and Kurtzs acquaintances.    Heart of Darkness is a novelRead MoreOppression of Imperialism in Poisonwood Bible and Heart of Darkness1453 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism has been a constant oppressive force upon societies dating back hundreds of years. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, illustrates this oppression by providing an instance of its occurrence in the Congo of Africa, while simultaneously setting the stage for The Poisonwood Bible, which is essentially the continuation of the story. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is still affected by modern circumstances and ideology. Conrad’s novella acts as aRead MoreEssay On Heart Of Darkness720 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: Heart of Darkness When reading Joseph Conrad’s stunning work of literary fiction, Heart of Darkness, one is transported to the Congo’s jungles itself and has to ferociously fight until the end. The novel is readable to those determined to reach the end; the words are arranged almost in a way that makes the reader feel the struggle of the Congo. Reading the novel is indeed a journey itself, making the end worth the struggle. In Heart of Darkness, the narrator is in fact not the realRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1436 Words   |  6 PagesIn Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness one encounters the telling of Conrad’s adventures on a steamship traveling up the Congo when numerous, drastic accountancies take place. During this Victorian age, men are seen as heroes and women are occupied by roles of domesticity, which ironically the story tells quite the opposite from these two ideals. Throughout the text, one will also learn from the imperialistic society that is set forth by the Europeans and the controversy that arises because of the

Key Legal Concepts Common Law and Statutory Tortuous

Questions: Question 1Western University (WU) had a large campus in suburban Sydney. In order to provide a reliable connection for staff and students, WU bought a disused Monorail from a theme park in Queensland and arranged for WU maintenance staff to install it in May 2014. Because of funding cuts several senior maintenance staff had taken early retirement and had not been replaced. The remaining staff were keen, but inexperienced, and none had worked on such a large scale project before.The monorail commenced operation in July 2014 in time for second semester. John was a first year student in the School of Business at Western University. He was blind in one eye and had lost most vision in his remaining eye, but used a cane to assist him in getting around the campus. One day he was walking across the campus under the monorail track when he slipped on a large pool of oil, and suffered a broken leg and arm. Subsequent investigation showed that the oil had dripped from an inadequately sealed tank installed by WU staff as part of the monorail system.When Johns mother Steffi was told he was in hospital she tried to get there as soon as possible. In her panic she failed to turn on her cars indicator lights when slowing down to turn right into the hospital car park. Her car was hit by Michael, who was driving the car behind. Steffi suffered whiplash, and also suffered nervous shock on seeing John. She will need psychiatric treatment for some years, as well as having a permanent partial loss of movement in her neck. John has suffered permanent loss of use of his right arm. Michael is uninjured but has extensive damage to his car.In these circumstances, advise WU, John, Steffi and Michael of any rights or liabilities they may have in the tort of negligence ONLY. In your answer, discuss the likelihood of success of each of these actions and appropriate defences which may be raised by WU, John, Steffi and Michael giving full legal reasons and referring to decided cases to support y our answer.Question 2 Jeremy owns a successful restaurant business in Parramatta. Jeremys friend, Max wishes to purchase a restaurant at Parramatta. On Friday evening, Max finds a Lebanese restaurant, Kababs Galore, for sale. The restaurant is full of customers and is located at the corner of George Street and Smith Street, Parramatta. Kababs Galore is also very close to Johns restaurant at Duck Avenue in Parramatta. The following Monday, Max speaks with Jeremy about his plans. Max explains to Jeremy that he is keen to buy the restaurant but that he has never owned a restaurant or even worked in the industry before, and that he would appreciate Jeremys advice and guidance. Jeremy assures Max that Kebabs Galore appears to be a very successful restaurant and that he is almost guaranteed to make a profit in the first year itself. Max immediately decides to purchase Kababs Galore with his brother Cameron. One year later, they are on the verge of bankruptcy. The restaurant was not as pop ular or profitable as they expected and the turnover has declined even further since they took over the business.Has Jeremy committed the tort of negligent misstatement? Giving full legal reasons and referring to decided cases to support your answer focus on whether or not Jeremy owed a duty of care to: (1) Max and (2) Cameron; the likelihood of success if Max and Cameron bring an action against Jeremy; and appropriate defences which may be raised by Jeremy. Answers: 1. Key legal concepts: In any country in the world laws are framed for proper and organized social phenomena. For the purpose of ensuring peace and social security among the citizen, the government must have proper governance. It is the duty of the government to protect the rights of the citizens. For smooth and proper governance there must a set of rules which must be followed by each and every individual within the territory of that particular country. In a federal structure country there are three pillars based upon which the structure is standing, these three pillars are Legislation, Executive, and Judiciary. In legislation legislative authorities frame laws for considering each and every aspect of the present society, legislations refer statutes, and these are enacted by competent legislative bodies. Mainly member of parliaments are empowered to enact statutes for appropriate governance. These laws are enacted by complying majority support in favor of the proposed bill which is to be enacted as laws. Without majority support no bills can be framed as laws in house of Parliament. Executive bodies are also established under statutory provisions, in other words executive bodies are statutory bodies. Executive bodies are empowered for proper execution of enacted statutory provisions. This authority looks after the implementation of the laws. Each and every laws are to be executed by adequate executive authorities. At the last and the most important pillar of the federal structure is the judicial system of the country. Judicial system is the absolute authority in respect of the laws of the country. If there is any conflict between two or several statute relating to a particular provision, judiciary is the authority who is empowered to resolve that conflict. Judicial system is also frame laws during interpretation of any provision of the statute and by providing judgments the upper courts binds all the other inferior courts of the country, these laws are known as judge made laws. Laws framed by judicial system by giving judgments relating to any particular case are also laws, it possesses enforceability, If the supreme court of the nation gives any judgment in respect of any particular subject matter in case then, the laws framed in such judgment must be followed by all the other courts within the territory of Australia. All the laws are to be enacted, establishment of statutory authorities, and judge made laws also must not be inconsistent with the law of the land that is The Constitution of the country. If any law has been made by the legislative authority of the country and such law contravenes the constitution by any means then such law shall not be considered as a valid legal statute. The validity of the provisions of the statute and the validity of the statutes itself are determined by the judicial system of the country during deciding any dispute relating to that provision or statute in respect of any case pending before the court of law with competent ju risdiction. In every country there are some segments of the legal phenomena, for governing various aspects of the society, it is not possible that a single statute to be applied in all the segments of the social phenomena. There are various problems in various parts of the society, to deal with all of them there must be adequate number of laws to deal with each and every sector. For agreements and contract there is contract law, for family related disputes there is family laws, for business related disputes and for proper guidelines there is business laws and for breaching social decorum and infringing the rights of any other person there is penal laws as well but all these laws shall be governed by the law of the land that is the constitution of the country, none of these law contravenes any of the provision of the constitution of the nation. For proper implementation of enacted laws and to look after the thing that no one shall breach the laws there must be a penal code, which shall be applicable upon the persons who will breach laws or infringing the rights of any other person. Penal provisions are very much required for maintaining proper social phenomena and to ensure the rights of the individuals. But any of the penal provision should not breach the rights conferred by the United Nations, these rights are known as human rights. The main executive body for implementation of the penal provisions is the Police authority of the country, few more important and powerful authorities than police are also there, but police is the most common example of executive authority. Sometime a conflict may arise between two existing laws relating to a particular matter or issue, then among them such law will prevail which is not inconsistent with the law of the land, that is the constitution of the country. There are quite a number of occasions the meaning of the words used in the statute are not comprehensive, then it is interpreted by the competent court of law by determining the actual object of the concern statute and implications intended to be made by the enactment. 2. Common law and statutory tortuous: Law enacted by the parliament of commonwealth is applicable throughout the territory of Australia. All the laws framed by the legislative authorities are binding upon each and every person of the country, subject to the provisions. In the eyes of the law every person is equal. All the laws which are applicable upon the citizens of the nations are also known as common laws of the country, subject to exceptions. The concept of tort signifies penalizing the persons who has done any civil wrong. If any person deprives another person from his or her rights then such a person shall be liable for tortuous liability. Though law of tort deals with civil wrongs, but it does not include breach of contracts. Mainly law of tort based upon judge made laws, every civil is different in nature from the other one, so it is quite difficult to cover all the aspects of tort under a single statute. Only the court of competent jurisdiction can define new tort and its applicability, even it can be recognize d by the courts through common laws. Contractual concepts: Law of contract or the Contract Act deals with all the disputes in respect of contracts. The statute also specifies a clear guideline regarding the validity of the contracts as well as the void contracts. The object behind the concept of law of contracts is to ensure the rights conferred by a person as a party of a contract. An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. In every contract there must consideration, it does not mean that consideration includes only financial aspects but consideration implies a promise to perform a particular task. For a valid contract the parties to the contract must competent, that is the parties must have attained the age of maturity and is of a person with sound mind. In case of a breach of a contract the aggrieved party may approach to the court of law with competent jurisdiction, here the aggrieved party may ask for three kinds of reliefs those are i) specific performance, ii) Compensation or damages, iii) injunction. By virtue of these three reli eves the rights of the aggrieved party can be restored. The main difference between contract laws and laws of tort is that in case of a contract there must be a legal instrument signed by the parties to the contract but in case of a tort there shall not be any such agreement. In terms of a valid contract object is a very important thing, a contract with a illegal object shall be considered as void ab initio it means it is invalid from the very beginning.