Essay --

During 26 December, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Nadi, Fiji (TCWC Nadi), started to monitor a tropical depression that had developed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone about 575 km (355 mi) to the south-east of Nauru.[1][2] Over the next few days the depression gradually developed and organised further, as it moved towards the west-southwest under the influence of a north-easterly steering flow.[1][3] During 28 December, the JTWC classified the depression as Tropical Cyclone 05P, before TCWC Nadi reported that the system had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and named it Rewa.[4][5][6] Over the next few days, the system gradually intensified under the influence of favourable upper-level winds while it moved towards the south-southwest, passing through the Solomon Islands on 29 December and affecting the southeastern islands of Papua New Guinea.[3][7] As it moved through the So lomon Islands, Rewa moved out of the South Pacific basin and into the Australian region, where the Bureau of Meteorology's Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre (TCWC Brisbane) took the primary warning responsibility for the system.[4][8] On 30 December, the JTWC reported that Rewa had become equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS); early the next day TCWC Brisbane reported that the system had developed into a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, and an eye became visible on satellite imagery.[1][2][5] The system then abruptly turned and started to move towards the south parallel to the Queensland coast because of an interaction with an upper-level trough of low pressure.[3][4] On 2 January both the JTWC and... ... a tropical storm while throughout that day TCWC Brisbane assessed Rewa as a category 3 severe tropical cyclone.[2][7] During the next day, TCWC Brisbane reported that Rewa had weakened into a category 2 tropical cyclone as it recurved and started to move towards the south-east about 265 km (165 mi) to the east of Mackay, Queensland.[7][5] Over the next couple of days the system moved towards the south-southeast along the Queensland coast while maintaining its intensity.[5] During 21 January, TCWC Brisbane and the JTWC reported that Rewa had weakened below cyclone strength, as the system moved back into the South Pacific basin for the third and final time.[4][6] Rewa's remnants were last noted late on 23 January, by TCWC Wellington, bringing heavy rain to New Zealand, while dissipating over water about 400 km (250 mi) to the east of Wellington, New Zealand.[4][5][11]

Bar Code Scanning and Patient Safety Essay

The following paper explores eight published articles that address the issue of bar code scanning for medication administration and patient safety. Online research was conducted to locate and review articles which are included in review of literature, and to acquire accurate information addressing the issues discussed. The understanding of Bar Code Scanning for Medication Administration (BCMA) is a valuable tool, providing safe practice needed to reduce medication errors leading to safer patient handling. Patient safety is defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as the prevention of harm caused by errors of commission and omission (Henneman, 2010, p. 8). The use of BCMA changed medication administration, documentation, and communication regarding patient care (Spetz, Burgress, & Phibbs, 2012, p. 158). Key words: bar code scanning of medications, patient safety and workarounds Issues 1. Discuss bar code scanning in medication administration (BCMA). 2. Discuss how the use of BCMA has affected patient safety. 3. Discuss the implications of workarounds in medication administration to the patient. Literature Review Discuss How the Use of BCMA has Affected Patient Safety The following articles were reviewed for the purpose of addressing the issue: how BCMA has affected patient safety. Patient safety has been an issue in all realms of healthcare. The use of BCMA introduced a new avenue to establish the best practice of drug administration for patient safety. â€Å"Medication Administration: The Implementation Process of Bar-Coding for Medication Administration to Enhance Medication Safety† (Foote & Coleman, 2008) discusses the issue of patient safety with the use of BCMA. According to (Foote & Coleman, 2008, p. 207) medication errors strike at the heart of being a nurse: the value of â€Å"do no harm†. The reduction of medication errors has had a direct and indirect effect on the patient and the nurse (Foote & Coleman, 2008, p. 207). The direct effect can be a safety threat to the patient and an indirect effect can compromise the confidence of nursing practice (Foote & Coleman, 2008, p207). The use of BCMA has increased patient safety by system validation of the six rights of medication administration: right drug, right patient, right time, right route, right route, and right reason. The findings concluded patient safety has increased with the use of BCMA. Reduction of paperwork using BCMA for the nurse allows for more time with the patient reducing the risk for error. â€Å"Impact of BCMA on Medication Errors and Patient Safety: A Summary† (Marini & Hasman, 2009) was also reviewed. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimates that one hospitalized patient is on average subject to one medication error per day. Medication errors that result in preventable adverse drug events may occur during any stage of the medication use process: ordering (56%) transcribing (6%) dispensing (4%) and administration (34%). The use of BCMA has addressed the issue of medication administration safety as a priority for patient safety (Marini & Hasman, 2009, p. 439). BCMA system use has decreased the errors in the administration phrase by possibly intercepting administration errors before they reach the patient (Marini & Hasman, 2009, p. 439). Enacting the BCMA technology into patient care has acted as a point of care safety system that assists in the protection from potential errors and safeguards the medication administration process where none previously existed (M arini & Hasman, 2009, p. 440). Safeguards that have been put in place since the implication of BCMA into the healthcare field have shown from this article that safe practice has increased. The article, â€Å"Patient Misidentifications Caused by Errors in Standard Bar Code Technology (Snyder, Carter, Jenkins, & Fantz, 2010), discusses some medication errors on misreading wristband bar codes. The use of bar code scanning has decreased transcription errors in many healthcare applications including patient identification (Snyder et al., 2010, p. 1554). The study indicated misidentifications of patients could occur, contributing to unsafe patient practices. Wristbands used for identification can assist with identifying the correct patient in the six rights of medication administration. While this is not a failsafe answer it is valuable in providing a safe practice of medication administration to patients. Discuss Bar Code Scanning in Medication Administration (BCMA) The following articles were reviewed for the purpose of addressing bar code scanning in medication administration. Nursing requires the critical skill of accurate medication administration. The use of electronic medication administration has brought about many changes in the healthcare field. The article,† What Determines Successful Implementation of Inpatient Information Technology Systems† (Spetz et al 2012), was reviewed to address the above question. Computerized patients records and bar-code medication systems continue to gain favor in healthcare. This idea spread across the nation in all VA sites (Spetz et al., 2012, p. 157), providing a safer environment for patient care. The use of bar code scanning utilizes the perfection of computers into medication-administration process. Training to use (BCMA) indicated from the article can be cumbersome and staff can be apprehensive about the change. The time needed for BCMA showed extremely high demands with the implementati on of BCMA system (Spetz et al., 2012, p. 160). The initial implementation of BCMA interrupted the flow of care for physicians and nurses (Spetz et al., 2012, p. 160) Training and time management were issues addressed including support, work flow changes, and communication allowing flexibility for changes and updates (Spetz et al., 2012, p. 161). In review of information, BCMA has assisted healthcare in providing a safer environment for patient care. The use of BCMA has increased awareness of mistakes, increased accountability to the staff by having recorded times of medication administration, and patient identifiers in patient care. The review of article â€Å"An Evaluation Process for an Electronic Bar Code Medication Administration Information System in an Acute Care Unit† (Bargen & Lu, 2009) discussed the development and use of BCMA in medication administration. An IOM report attributed 7,000 deaths annually to medication errors (Bargen & Lu, 2009, p. 356). Bar code medication administration systems were designed as a s afety tool for nurses. The use of this system assists in reduction of errors at the point of medication administration (Bargen & Lu, 2009, p. 356). The reduction of medication errors was introduced by using computerized alerts and warnings. These compelled users to stop and reconsider potentially unsafe steps in the medication administration process (Bargen & Lu, 2009, p. 356). This caused a workflow disturbance for nurses. BCMA processes were examined using direct staff observation, process mapping, and informal group discussion. The process assisted in data collection and reconfiguration of BCMA, thus reducing unnecessary alerts in the BCMA system. The conclusion drawn from review showed that a decrease in the numbers of unnecessary alerts triggered by the BCMA system can help ensure the workflow blocks nurses encounter are clinically significant and justified (Bargen & Lu, 2009, p. 357). Although the workflow blocks are there it is sometimes necessary to assist in safe patient handling. Another article reviewed was, â€Å"Barcode Medication Administration: Lessons Learned from an Intensive Care Unit Implementation† (Wideman, Whittler, & Anderson, 2006). The use of bar code scanning has been used in retail for many years and was adapted for the use of medication administration originally by the Veterans Health Administration in the year 2000 and has spread across the US since that time (Wideman, Whittler, & Anderson, 2006, p. 437). The system was designed to improve accuracy in administration of medication through real time network connectivity. This allowed documentation electronically of administration of medications at the bedside (Wideman et al., 2006, p. 437). On April 04,2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ruled that barcodes were mandatory on labels of thousands of human medication and biological products by the year 2006 (Wideman et al., 2006, p. 438). The VA health care system used barcode scanning already in place and included the barcode of the medications in the safety system. This provided a better opportunity for patient safety using the BCMA system. The use of a handheld barcode scanner at the bedside registered each medication, software verified correct medication was ordered, time of administration is correct, measured in the correct dose, and in real time documents the administration of the medication (Wideman et al., 2006, p. 439). Alleviation of paper medication record for the nurse reduced the chance for medication error and harm to the patient. By the use of this system missed medications, medication actions, and medication ordering could be done as the bedside. The induction of BCMA into patient bedside medication administration also reduced phone calls to the pharmacy from nurses. This helped to increase efficiency for medication administration providing a safer environment for patient care. Discuss the Implications of Workarounds in Medication Administration to the Patient The use of BCMA for medication administration was not received with open arms. The training, computer knowledge, workflow blocks, were some of the complaints by nurses. The following articles reviewed discussed workarounds when using BCMA. The article reviewed â€Å"Patient Safety and Technology† (Henneman, 2010) discussed safety and BCMA. The goal for BCMA systems was to prevent medication administration errors (Henneman, 2010, p. 9). Identifying and verification of the patient’s identity is critical to assure patient safety and reduction of medication errors. Work-arounds have been reported with the use of the BCMA system in place. These work arounds create a serious threat to patient safety (Henneman, 2010, p. 9). Workarounds include affixing patient identification bar codes to computer carts, clip boards and carrying several patients’ pre scanned medications on carts (Henneman, 2010, p. 10). BCMA systems have assisted in creation of some work-arounds with unreadable medication bar codes, non-bar coded medications, malfunctioning scanner s at the bedside, and missing patient armbands used as a patient identifier (Henneman, 2010, p. 10). The review indicates workarounds can be created for any situation. It is the responsibility of the nurse to ensure the correct medication is being administered to the correct patient using the six rights of medication administration. BCMA is only a tool to assist in safe patient handling. Another article reviewed, â€Å"Medication Errors Occurring with the Use of Bar-Code Administration Technology† (Pennsylvania patient safety advisory, 2008) discussed workarounds as a method of accomplishing an activity through other arrangements when not able or willing to use the correct method. A temporary solution is not the answer and, puts the patient at greater risk for medication error. Using work-arounds such as typing the patients’ social security number, indicating the medication will not scan, or affixing the wristband of patients to bedsides rather than the patient’s wrist puts the patient at risk (Pennsylvania patient safety advisory, 2008, p. 125). The summary fro m review indicates it is the nurse’s responsibility to ensure safe medication administration even though it is not always the fastest method. Analysis of Findings Patient safety, bar code scanning and work-arounds all relate safe patient handling. The review of literature indicates safety is the number one priority in healthcare. The development of BCMA was part of the process to ensure a safer procedure for medication administration. Medication errors indicated that BCMA was not always the cause of the problem. Mislabeling of medications, work-arounds, missed scanned wristbands have all contributed to errors in medication administration. Findings indicate that although BCMA is an excellent tool to assist in the six rights of medication administration to the patient. It is not an overall solution to medication errors. The responsibility is a collective effort by physicians, pharmacists, and nurses to ensure the safest practice for the patient. Implication for Practice BCMA is an excellent tool to assist the nurse in bedside medication administration. The inpatient environment is hectic for the nurse, having multiple patients and time limitations. Patient safety is a priority in healthcare and taking the time to ensure the correct medication is being administered to the correct patient is part of nursing practice. The use of BCMA assists this process by ensuring the medication has been correctly ordered by the physician, verified by the pharmacist, and verification of patient identifiers. The system alerts nursing when there is a question of correct dose, medication, time, route, or patient. This assists the nurse in providing a safer method of medication administration. The field of nursing requires critical thinking skills in all realms of patient care. Medication administration is only one area of nursing practice. A safer environment for the patient is part of everyday practice for the inpatient nurse. The use of BCMA assists the nurse in providing this environment in patient care. Although work-arounds are many times easier for the nurse in time management, it is not the safest practice. Identifying and verification of the patient’s identity is critical to assure patient safety and reduction of medication errors. The understanding of Bar Code Scanning for Medication Administration (BCMA) is a valuable tool, providing safe practice needed to reduce medication errors leading to safer patient handling. Patient safety is defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as the prevention of harm caused by errors of commission and omission (Henneman, 2010, p. 8). The use of BCMA changed medication administration, documentation, and communication regarding patient care (Spetz, Burgress, & Phibbs, 2012, p. 158). In the practice of nursing this all relates to everyday practice. Patient safety, avoiding the temptation of work-arounds, and using tools such as BCMA ensure that nursing is uti lizing all the information to assist patients in the healing process. References Bargen, M., & Lu, D. (2009). An evaluattion process for an electronic bar code medication administration inofrmation system in an acute care unit. Urlogic Nursing, 29(5), 355-391. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19863043 Foote, S. O., & Coleman, J. R. (2008). Medication administration: the implementation process of bar-coding for medication administration to enhance medication safety. Nursing Economics, 26(3). Retrieved from http://web.ebschost.com.lib-proxy.usi/ehost/resultsadvsnced?sid=769055e1-76b1-460c-b5f6-96214bb1c806%40sessionmgr13vid=2%hid=14&bquery=Medication+Administration%3a+theimplementation+process+%22of22+bar-coding+for+medication+administration+%22to%22+enhance+medication+safety&bdata=JmRiPXJ6aCZOeXBIPTEmc210ZT1aG9zdC1saXZ1JnNjb3BIPXNpdGU%3d Henneman, E. A. (2010). Patient safety and technology. Advanced Critical Care, 20(2), 128-132. Retrieved from http://www.ajhp.org/content/66/13/1202/long Marini, S. D., & Hasman, A. (2009). Impact of BCMA on medic ation errors and patient safety: a summary. Connecting Health and Humans. doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-024-7-439 Pennsylvania patient safety advisory. (2008). Medication errors occuring with the use of bar-code administration technology. , 5(4). Retrieved from http://www.ecri.org/Documents/PA_PSRS/2008.12_Advisory.pdf Snyder, M. L., Carter, A., Jenkins, K., & Fantz, C. R. (2010). Patient misidentifications caused by errors in standard bar code technology. Clinical Chemistry, 56(10), 1554-1560. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.lib-proxy.usi.edu/healthcomplete/docview/756738318/fulltextPDF/13790524A8A77BE80D2/56?accountid=14752 Spetz, J., Burgress, J. F., & Phibbs, C. S. (2012). What determines successful implementation of inpatient information technology systems. The American Journal of Managing Care, 18(3). Retrieved from www.ajmc.com Wideman, M. V., Whittler, M. E., & Anderson, T. M. (2006). Barcode medication administration: lessons learned from an intensive care unit implemen tation. Advances in Patients Safety, 3. Retrieved from http://wwwfda.gov/cber/rules/barcodelabel.pdf

Outliers The Story Of Success - 1921 Words

n this psychological non-fiction book, Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, he explains several different strategies and methods to achieve success. He is a firm believer in potential and opportunities; and that making the most of those opportunities is what ensures results. He focuses on time and opportunity as being significant in realizing potential, and believes in the motto â€Å"practice makes perfect† and refers to the â€Å"10,000-Hr Rule, in ensuring mastery of a skill. Gladwell discusses success, and the driving reasons behind why some people are significantly more successful than others. He also explains this by dividing the book into two parts, opportunity and legacy. Opportunity discusses how select people are fortunate enough to be born between the months of January through March, and also includes the idea that those who are already successful will have more opportunities to improve and become even more successful. The 10,000-hour rule proves t he idea that in order to become successful in a certain skill, one must have practiced that skill for at least 10,000 hours. In addition to the 10,000-hour rule, timing is also a major component that implies being in the right place at the right time, which brings the author to discuss Bill Gates who was born during the time where programming and computer technology was emerging, therefore sparking his interest in computers, later bringing him to create Microsoft. Another point Gladwell brings forth is the notionShow MoreRelatedOutliers : The Story Of Success1889 Words   |  8 Pages Outliers The Story of Success â€Å"Why do some people succeed far more than the other?†(Gladwell, 2) Since childhood, individuals are easily bought into the myth that successful people are self-made, but Malcolm Gladwell’s, a well-known author opinion differs. He argues that successful people are invariably the beneficiaries of â€Å"hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities that allow individuals to learn and make sense of the world in ways others cannot.†(Gladwell, 19). Outlier; The Story ofRead MoreOutliers, The Story Of Success Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesOutliers, The Story of Success In the book, Outliers, the Story of Success, Malcom Gladwell discusses â€Å"outliers† and uses many examples of success. This book expresses the many ways in which â€Å"outliers† are different from the â€Å"ordinary.† Gladwell explores the factors that influence and help people in their journeys to success. The factors expressed in this book include: their culture, family/parents, their background, and especially their personal experiences that have had major impacts on theirRead MoreOutliers : A Story Of Success1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Yorker. 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Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and areRead MoreThe Book Outliers The Story Of Success By Joe Flom851 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Joe Flom incorporates many aspects of the first half of the book Outliers The Story of Success. Malcolm Gladwell uses comparisons of other families with similarities of Flom’s story to demonstrate why he is successful. The story of Flom not only has what the previous chapters present but also some new concepts. At the beginning of the chapter Gladwell tells the reader about Flom’s success and then jumps backwards to explain how it occurred. He also explains why some people t hrive whileRead MoreOutliers-The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell Essay1894 Words   |  8 PagesOutliers-The Story of Success is a sociological, and psychological non-fiction book, which discusses success, and the driving reasons behind why some people are significantly more successful than others. Malcolm Gladwell explains this by dividing the book into two parts, opportunity and legacy. Opportunity discusses how select people are fortunate enough to be born between the months of January through March, and also includes the idea that those who are already successful will have more opportunitiesRead MoreOutliers : Story Of Success, And The Sports Gene, By David Epstein953 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion if destiny is determined by fate or by choices we make in our life. Two authors both take their sides on this topic producing evidence to support their claim. David Epstein author of The Sports Gene and Malcolm Gladwell author of Outliers: Story of Success both make an argument on how much we control in our lives in which they take different sides. David Epstein wrote about a track and field athlete who had incredible jumping ability despite never practicing high jumping. Malcolm Gladwell

Steinbeck’s Quest for Friendship, Dreams, and Personality...

Curly and Lennie, two men that traveled together everywhere they went. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck describes friendship, dreams, and personality to describe Lennie and Curly adventures. Steinbeck believed that friendship was important. Lennie knows that George will always have his back, although Lennie cannot protect George he feels like he can (Steinbeck 14). Even though George says, he does not want Lennie with him; he does not want to leave him by himself (Steinbeck 13). When Lennie and George first arrive to the ranch, the boss starts to ask them questions. George answers all of them even if they were asking Lennie. He knows that if Lennie talks, he might say what happened in Weed (Steinbeck 22). The boss, at the new farm,†¦show more content†¦She will only cause trouble and for Lennie to do something dumb (Steinbeck 32). George is always looking after Lennie and Lennie after George (Steinbeck 34). They both appreciate each other since they travel together and George knows that traveling with someone is better than alone (Steinbeck 35). In the Of Mice and Men friendship barley exists, the only people that are considered as friends are Lennie and George. George is always bragging on Lennie, even if he is not smart but he can work extremely hard (Steinbeck 39). Slim, a guy that also works that the ranch, tells George that he does not know how a smart guy like him and dumb guy like Lennie are friends and have been traveling together (Steinbeck 39). Even though George cannot stand Lennie since he is dumb, he defends him from anyone that tries to insult him and treat him like he was crazy (Steinbeck 39). Lennie and George were born from the same town (Steinbeck 40). After Lennie aunt died, George started to take care of him (Steinbeck 40). No one friendship was as well as Lennie with George (Steinbeck 40). Candy another man that lived there, at the farm, is trying to be friends with Lennie and George, since they killed his aged dog now (Steinbeck 61). Lennie and Curly get into a fight at the barn; Lennie breaks his hand and feels horrible about what he did. George tells him not to worry since he was the one that told him to fight back. Lennie was just taking orders from George since he knew that George would

Wedding Toast Essay - 614 Words

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Candace and Glenn are the perfect opposites. 2. Glenn is quiet and shy around people he doesn’t know and Candace is wild and outgoing. 3. Glenn loves to hunt and Candace loves to make new recipes with what he brings home. 4. When Candace wanted to learn how to knit, she bought herself a how-to book. She tried to teach herself but she is more of a visual learner and couldn’t get it from the book. Glenn however learns best from a book so he read it and taught himself how to knit so he could show n Candace so she could visualize it. 5. He truly is her other half. IV. Conclusion 1. I am more than happy to admit that I was wrong to be skeptical of online dating. It couldn’t have worked out better for them. 2. So let’s raise a glass and wish these two a long and happy marriage! 3. To Candace andShow MoreRelated Best Man Wedding Toast Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesBest Man Wedding Speech Its turning out to be a day packed full new experiences for me. 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The wedding tradition is a globally known concept, where each culture has their unique customs and traditions. Much of our background originated from numerous cultures. We practice

Free sample note on social work benefits of the population

Question: Discuss about theSocial Work for Benefit of the Population. Answer: Introduction: The professional application of the principles, values and techniques of social work for the benefit of the population is known as social work practice. The social work comprises of the psychotherapy with the individuals and helps the communities to improve their social lives. The issue of mental health has global impact and is considered as the most significant contributor in the burden of disease worldwide. The post modern perspectives impacted the social work in a dramatic way (Fook Pease, 2016). It contributed to the individual perceptions about our societies and the process of the creation of knowledge. The practice of improving mental health in Australia considers the knowledge of social, cultural, economic dimensions and the human development along with the interconnecting factors (Fook Pease, 2016). The social constructivism perspectives emphasizes on the fact that the human development is directly related to the social situation and knowledge can be gathered from the inter actions with others. The critical approaches provide an in-depth assessment of the current situation and help to devise suitable strategies in the mental health practice. Discussions Mental health, as defined by World Health Organizations (W.H.O), is a state of emotional as well as social well being that helps the individuals to cope up with the usual stresses of life and hence realize its true potential (World Health Organization, 2016). A complex interplay of the social, environmental, economic, psychological and biological factors affects the mental capabilities of the people (World Health Organization, 2016). The issues of the mental health are characterized by retarded social, emotional and cognitive functioning that affects the mental well being of the population (World Health Organization, 2016). The mental health practice is a part of the social work domain which consists of the social context of the mental illness. The purpose of the mental health practice in Australia is the promotion, recovery and restoration of wellbeing of the community so that the individuals have enhanced capabilities to control their own lives (World Health Organization, 2016). Th e practice of social work takes place at the interface between the environment and the individual. The registered providers of Australia, Accredited Mental Health Social Workers, are specialized mental health experts who are assigned responsibilities by the Commonwealth Government by Australia to safeguard the mental health of the population (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They are eligible to provide better services in mental health care programs and better management of the chronic diseases (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They treat various mental disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety problems, depression, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, psychosis, family conflicts, relationship issues, life crisis and others (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). The mental health social workers should possess good knowledge of the mental health as well as mental illness in Australia. It consists of the psychiatric classifications, crucial syndromes and the social history of the mental diseases (Dudgeon, Milroy Walker 2014). It also consists of the recovery principles, psychological interventions, mental health disciplines and the consumer issues concerning mental health (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). The mental health social workers should be knowledgeable about the practice standards in Australia such as Practice Standards for Mental Health Social Workers and the Code of Ethics (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). These standards give an idea of the social practices concerning mental health in an Australian context. The workers should also identify the value positions that put emphasis on this domain. There are general principles that should be followed by the social health workers engaging in mental health. They should have respect for individuals, obligation for social justice, maintain confidentiality and self-determination while dealing with the patients. The social work theories explain the purpose of the society towards the victims of mental illness (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They focus on the social environment, human behaviours and the change processes that dominate the mental health domain. There is an impact of the economic, political and social factors on the mental work practice in Australia. The political conflict in a country affects the living conditions of the people and also the disease burden of the community. The social workers need to take account of the political scenario in Australia and assess the present emotional state of the community. The patients may be suffering from emotional stress, anxiety, fear, clashing of the national identities or cultures, resilience and others (DuBois Miley, 2013). There are several moral dilemmas of the people which need to be addressed by the mental health social workers. The political unrest between the international boundaries demands the special attention of the mental health social workers (DuBois Miley, 2013). The political ideology of the country determines the course of action taken by the mental health social workers. The political ideology determines the major decisions taken by the Government for the betterment of the people (DuBois Miley, 2013). The social work is affected by the political framework of the country as it provides the possible course of action according to the environmental pressures (DuBois Miley, 2013). The revolution of the welfare classes may affect the mental status of the population. The economic factors also affect the population to a large extent. The recession affected the mental health of the population. The social workers need to understand that the people would become prone to anxiety and panic in the case of economic downturn (Blanchard, Jaumotte Loungani, 2014). The economic recession also affects the unemployment, which in turn contributes to the stress of the people (Blanchard, Jaumotte Loungani, 2014). The lack of employment opportunities deprives the people of housing facilities. The mental health social workers should understand these parameters and should strive to provide effective solutions to them. They should be befriending with their clients and link their conditions to the economic scenario of the country. There would be increased debt, which would cause significant fear in the minds of the people. There is a need of counseling and understanding the viewpoints of the victims of the mental illness (Sue et al., 2015). There is also a need to i ncrease the support of the mentally ill patients by creating legislative frameworks. The social workers should strive to protect the employment rights of the mentally disabled patients (Sue et al., 2015). They should not be entitled to reduced employment opportunities (Sue et al., 2015). The mental health social workers should emphasize on the support of the job centers in providing customized employment opportunities to the mentally disabled patients. The social factors also impact the mental health of the people of Australia. The effect of the mental illness may have great influence on the society. The social problems of the society like poverty, reduced productivity due to trauma, customs, ineffective government policies, work stress, problems in the work environment and others impact the mental health of the people. In Australia, the phenomenon of racism is common, which is a major cause of mental disabilities among the patients (de Lepervanche, 2013). This causes psychological trauma among the native people, which needs to be addressed by the mental health social workers (de Lepervanche, 2013). The social workers need to be careful about the violence in schools which affects the young population. They are also vulnerable to the emotional imbalances at the time of puberty. The unfair labor conditions in Australia also pose serious threats to the mental health of the population (Milner et al., 2015). The employees may not be sat isfied with their jobs which may further increase their stress levels (Milner et al., 2015). The social workers need to be careful about the problems of the youth, who represent a major section of the population. There are increased incidents of drug abuse among the youths. The community disorganization and low neighborhood attachment are some of the common reasons of low morale of the youths. The youths from the ethnic minority groups pose greater chances of low self confidence as well as low self-esteem. The social workers should identify issues such as sexual abuse, depression, suicidal tendencies and identification of the high risk teenagers (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). They should make the health care accessible to all, especially the adolescents. There should be more health care providers for the young population (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). The mental health social workers must understand the fact that mental health is a prerequisite for achieving an optimum quality of li fe. Conclusion The mental health social workers are crucial in improving the health status of the population. The social workers need to have extensive knowledge regarding the health status of the community. They should assess the impacts of the external environments in the mental well being of the society. The external factors include the political, economic and social parameters that determine the degree of mental disability among the people. This paper discusses about the mental health situation in Australia and the role of mental health social workers in upgrading the condition of the population. This paper also strived to connect the critical social work perspectives with the approaches of the mental health social worker. It would broaden the understanding of the role of the mental health social workers in the world, especially in Australia. References Blanchard, O. J., Jaumotte, F., Loungani, P. (2014). Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession.IZA Journal of Labor Policy,3(1), 1-23. de Lepervanche, M. (2013). Racism and sexism in Australian national life.Sydney Studies in Society and Culture,4. DuBois, B. L., Miley, K. K. (2013).Social work: An empowering profession. Pearson Higher Ed. Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., Walker, R. (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice.Pat. Fook, J., Pease, B. (Eds.). (2016).Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical perspectives. Routledge. Geldard, K., Geldard, D., Foo, R. Y. (2015).Counselling adolescents: The proactive approach for young people. Sage. Home - AASW - Australian Association of Social Workers. (2016).Aasw.asn.au. Retrieved 23 August 2016, from https://www.aasw.asn.au Milner, A., Butterworth, P., Bentley, R., Kavanagh, A. M., LaMontagne, A. D. (2015). Sickness absence and psychosocial job quality: an analysis from a longitudinal survey of working australians, 20052012.American journal of epidemiology,181(10), 781-788. Sue, D., Sue, D. W., Sue, S., Sue, D. M. (2015).Understanding abnormal behavior. Cengage Learning. World Health Organization. (2016).World Health Organization. Retrieved 23 August 2016, from https://www.who.int

Predetermined Identity free essay sample

A reputation is the views or opinions that are generally held about someone or something. They are a widespread belief that someone or something has a particular habit or characteristic (dictionary. com). A reputation is impossible to remove. There are many reputations and judgments demonstrated in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. People are prejudiced towards the fiend created by Victor Frankenstein. The monsters outward appearance assures the monster is not accepted into society. He is a completely functional creature with the ability to perform primal tasks. He has human capabilities, although his unusual appearance is shocking and sets him apart. Do everyone’s judgments of the monsters looks have an effect on his personality and behaviour? The author demonstrates that people’s outward appearance will determine their personality. This is established in the novel since at the beginning of the book; Fiend created by Frankenstein is a good person with feelings and empathy. We will write a custom essay sample on Predetermined Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the story develops, he keeps experiencing judgment from many people including Victor, his creator, because of the way he looks. Everyone sends the fiend away and rejects him without even giving Dr. Frankenstein’s creation a chance. He ends up changing throughout the novel into the monster everyone expects him to be, by killing the various people in Victor’s life for revenge. At the beginning of the book, the fiend is in fact a reasonable person. When the fiend is created, he does nothing wrong to Victor. He does not harm in Victor any way because Victor had done nothing wrong to him. All he does is looks at him when he wakes up and his appearance was enough to make Victor leave him. The fiend was judged literally from the moment he was created. Furthermore, he observes a family that live in the middle of the forest in a cottage for months and does not lead to violent actions of any sort. He would observe them in hopes to maybe one day integrate himself with humans. At night, he would go collect fire wood and do work for the cottagers, in hopes that they would eventually accept him. When he decides to finally meet the people who live in the cottage, he is turned away. He was aware that he was capable of harming these strangers, although decides not to due to the fact that he knows it’s not right even if they were not the most accepting. Evidently, this creation that people labeled as a monster does have a heart and is capable of caring. I could have torn him limb from limb, as the lion rends the antelope. But my heart within me as bitter sickness, and I refrained. I saw him on the point of repeating his blow, when, overcome with pain and anguish, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my hovel (136). It can be observed that fiend did care about those people even though they sent him away. He didn’t want to cause any trouble. All he wanted was to be accepted. He was a creation who started his life with decent intentions, but those would soon change. The fiend was constantly judged and abandoned when people saw him due to his appearance. He is a terrifying creature. He has yellow skin with lustrous black flowing hair, and pearly white teeth. His eyes are dun-white; he has a shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. He is also much bigger than any human. When he was given life, Victor runs away from him and neglects him. This quote shows that Victor had no intention on staying with the fiend because right when he was living, he ran away from it. [†¦] I escaped and rushed downstairs. [†¦] fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life. â€Å" (49). This shows the complete horror that Victor had when he saw his creation, even if it did absolutely nothing wrong. Likewise, the cottage people are instantly terrified of him. They were scared because they ha ve never seen anything like him. When the fiend first goes into the cottage to meet them, a blind man answers the door. The fiend was able to talk to him without being judged and the older man enjoys his company, because he doesn’t know what he looks like. This is how it is obvious that based on his personality alone; the fiend is a good person and is able to function with humans. But when the rest of the family walked in and saw him, they went into panic and assumed the worst of him. He was never given a chance. â€Å"Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage. † (136). This displays how fast they were to judge when they saw the creature. Because of his appearance, he would never be able to live a normal life. Being judged by so many people everywhere he went, it had an effect on the fiend. He started to become angry and resent his creator, Victor. He asks Victor to create a female so he can go live with her somewhere where no one would find them. When he agreed, he decided to destroy the female creation soon after. The fiend couldn’t deal with it anymore. All those negative experiences in his life, the creature had changed. He decided to start killing everyone close to Victor for revenge. He killed Victor’s brother, William, as well as his best friend Cleval and his love Elizabeth. He wanted Victor’s attention and he got it after just his first killing of Victor’s brother. It made the fiend’s creator very angry. But after Victor neglected the fiend for so long, the fiend started to make immoral decisions. A flash of lightning illuminated the object and discovered its shape plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon to whom I had given life. What did he there? Could he be (I shuddered at the conception) the murderer of my brother? (69). Not only did the fiend kill Victor’s brother, but he stayed to watch his creator in pain, because he thinks that’s what Victor deserves. All his killings were in attempt to wound Victor and make him feel alone in the world, almost like what the fiend is feeling. Murdering someone’s family is immoral. He killed people around him just as society killed his spirit and identity. This shows that he clearly changed throughout the novel. It is evident that the author was trying to prove how people’s outward appearance will determine their personality. He reveals it by the change in the fiend’s personality after being constantly judged and neglected. At the beginning he was a nice person with morals, but at the end, he is an immoral monster. The author is right that people’s outward appearance will determine their personality because even now, people who are different are not as accepted in society. People are constantly being labeled and reputations are always being formed, whether they are true or not. People’s outward appearance has a huge effect on how people see you. This is why Dr. Frankenstein’s creation never stood a chance. Work cited SHELLEY, mary, Frankenstein, tom Doherty associates, LLC, united states of America, 1998, 236 pages